• Plant:

  
  Olefin (Naphtha feed)

• Capacity:

  
  800/000 MT/Year

• Feed:

  
  Naphtha (1.3 MMT/Year)

• Product:

  
  Ethylene 800/000 MT/Year
  Propylene 300/000 MT/Year

Introduction

Light olefins such as ethylene and propylene are important building blocks for many end products like polyethylene and polypropylene. Recently market analysis shows that the demand for propylene is outgoing that of ethylene and the current supply cannot match the demand. A large proportion of propylene, about 65 wt%, is produced by steam cracking and about 30 wt% during the fluid catalytic cracking (FCC) process as a by-product.

Material Balance

Material

Naphtha(MMTon/year)
Ethylen(MMTon/year) H2(MMTon/year)
Propylen(MMTon/year)
C4 product(MMTon/year)
GSL product(MMTon/year)
CFO product(MMTon/year)
Methan Rich-Gas(kg/year)
Dilution steam (ton/hr)
BFW(ton/hr)
Fuel Gas-counsumption(ton/hr)

Feed

2.3







172
381
43

Product

0.8
0.025
0.300
0.178
0.338
0.127
0.428

Introduction

High density polyethylene (HDPE) is a long-chain polymer or plastic. Polyethylene is the most common form of plastic in the world and can be processed in a number of ways to make it thin, flexible, fluffy or strong and hard such as with HDPE. HDPE is primarily used for wood-plastic composites such as plastic lumber. It is also blow molded to make plastic bottles, such as soda bottles.

The HDPE process consists of:

–Polymerization: Ethylene monomers are polymerized in solvent together with catalyst, hydrogen and comonomer. The polymerization heat is cooled through external circulation heat exchanger. The reacted slurry is transferred to the separation/drying process.

–Separation/Drying: Slurry is transferred to a high-speed centrifuge from which it is separated into solvent and wet powders. The separated solvent is supplied to the reactor and some solvents are recycled in the process through refining. Wet powders are transferred to the powder dryer and dried.

–Transfer/Extrusion: The wet powders are dried in the powder dryer by evaporating the solvent with high-temperature nitrogen and steam. The evaporated solvent is recovered by the scrubber. The dried powders are transferred to the extrusion process where they are melted and pelletized in the extruder. Then they are transferred to the storage silo.

–Storage & Packaging: The products transferred to the pellet silo are cooled by air and homogenized.

Applications:

Some of the major uses of high density polyethylene include:

Packaging Applications–Polymerization: Ethylene monomers are polymerized in solvent together with catalyst, hydrogen and comonomer. The polymerization heat is cooled through external circulation heat exchanger. The reacted slurry is transferred to the separation/drying process.

Fibers and Textiles – Thanks to its high tensile strength, HDPE is widely used in ropes, fishing and sport nets, nets for agricultural use, Industrial and decorative fabrics, etc.

Other applications of HDPE include pipes and fittings (pipes for gas, water, sewage, drainage, sea outfalls, industrial application, cable protection, steel pipe coating, large inspection chambers and manholes for pipe sewage etc.) due to its excellent resistance to chemical and hydrolysis,Automotive – fuel tanks, wiring & cableswiring & cables – sheeting of energy, telecommunication cables.

Polypropylene belongs to the group of polyolefin and is partially crystalline and non-polar. Its properties are similar to polyethylene, but it is slightly harder and more heat resistant. It is a white, mechanically rugged material and has a high chemical resistance. The industrial production processes can be grouped into gas phase polymerization, bulk polymerization and slurry polymerization. All state-of-the-art processes use either gas-phase or bulk reactor systems.

• In gas-phase and slurry-reactors, the polymer is formed around heterogeneous catalyst particles. The gas-phase polymerization is carried out in a fluidized bed reactor, propene is passed over a bed containing the heterogeneous (solid) catalyst and the formed polymer is separated as a fine powder and then converted into pellets. Unreacted gas is recycled and fed back into the reactor

• In bulk polymerization, liquid propene acts as a solvent to prevent the precipitation of the polymer. The polymerization proceeds at 60 to 80 °C and 30–40 atm are applied to keep the propene in the liquid state. For the bulk polymerization, typically loop reactors are applied. The bulk polymerization is limited to a maximum of 5% ethene as comonomer due to a limited solubility of the polymer in the liquid propene.

• In the slurry polymerization, typically C4–C6 alkanes (butane, pentane or hexane) are utilized as inert diluent to suspend the growing polymer particles. Propene is introduced into the mixture as a gas.

Applications:

PP belongs to polyolefin family of polymers and is one of the top three widely used polymers today. Polypropylene has applications both as a plastic and a fiber in:

• Automotive Industry

• Industrial Applications

• Consumer Goods, and

• Furniture Market

Applications:

PP belongs to polyolefin family of polymers and is one of the top three widely used polymers today. Polypropylene has applications both as a plastic and a fiber in:

• Automotive Industry

• Industrial Applications

• Consumer Goods, and

• Furniture Market